/* Research publication: shared brand fonts/tokens, local assets, no dependencies. */
.research-main { --paper: #f7f5ef; --wash: #edf3f0; --rule: #c8d3cc; padding-top: calc(var(--header-height) + 4px); }
.research-main .container { max-width: 78rem; }
.research-main .section { padding-block: clamp(3.5rem, 7vw, 6.5rem); }
.research-main .eyebrow { letter-spacing: .11em; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: .7rem; line-height: 1.8; }
.research-main h2 { letter-spacing: -.04em; font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 3vw, 2.65rem); }
.research-main a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.research-main .btn { max-width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: .95rem 1.4rem; }
.research-main .body-text { line-height: 1.8; }
.research-hero { background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.research-hero-layout { display: grid; gap: 2.5rem; padding-block: 3rem; align-items: center; }
.research-hero-copy { min-width: 0; }
.research-hero .eyebrow { color: var(--primary); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.research-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 5.2vw, 4.6rem); line-height: 1.08; letter-spacing: -.065em; max-width: 45rem; }
.research-hero p:not(.eyebrow) { max-width: 35rem; margin-top: 1.75rem; font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 1.8; color: #4a5457; }
.research-jump, .research-back { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .75rem; color: var(--primary); font-size: .85rem; font-weight: 700; }
.research-jump { margin-top: 2rem; padding-bottom: .5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--primary); }
.research-back { margin-bottom: 2.5rem; }
.research-photo { min-width: 0; margin: 0; }
.research-photo img { width: 100%; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 1.2; object-fit: cover; object-position: 65% center; }
.research-photo figcaption { margin-top: .75rem; font-size: .68rem; color: #525e60; line-height: 1.7; }
.research-photo figcaption a { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.research-section-heading { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; gap: 1rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--primary); padding-top: 1.25rem; margin-bottom: 2.5rem; }
.research-section-heading .eyebrow, .research-section-heading .research-note { margin: 0; }
.research-feature { display: grid; gap: 2.5rem; align-items: center; }
.research-feature-copy { min-width: 0; }
.research-feature-copy h2 { font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.3vw, 3rem); line-height: 1.14; }
.research-feature-copy .body-text { max-width: 35rem; }
.research-feature-mark { min-width: 0; background: var(--wash); padding: 1.5rem; border-top: 3px solid var(--primary); display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .7rem 1rem; align-items: baseline; }
.research-feature-mark > span { font-size: .7rem; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--primary); }
.research-feature-mark > span:first-child br { display: none; }
.research-feature-mark strong { font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 1.7rem; letter-spacing: -.06em; color: var(--primary); }
.research-mark-line { display: none; }
.research-feature-chart { width: 100%; height: auto; margin-top: 1rem; box-shadow: 0 6px 24px #163b3512; }
.research-meta { color: var(--primary); font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.8; margin-bottom: 1.35rem; }
.research-feature-download { margin-top: 1rem; }
.research-feature-download .btn { background: transparent; color: var(--primary); border: 1px solid var(--primary); }
.research-feature-download .btn:hover { background: var(--wash); }
.research-main .section--card { background: var(--wash); border-block: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.research-intro { max-width: 46rem; margin-bottom: 3rem; }
.research-grid { display: grid; gap: 2.5rem; }
.research-card { padding: 1.75rem 0 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; min-width: 0; }
.research-card h3 { font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.3vw, 1.85rem); letter-spacing: -.035em; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
.research-card > p:not(.research-meta) { color: #525e60; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 2rem; max-width: 34rem; }
.research-card .link-strong { margin-top: auto; }
.research-discuss { margin-top: 1.5rem; font-size: .8rem; text-decoration: underline; color: var(--primary); text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.research-note { font-size: .78rem; line-height: 1.75; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 1rem; }
.research-subscribe { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); background: var(--paper); }
.research-split { display: grid; align-items: center; gap: 2rem; }
.research-subscribe h2 { font-size: clamp(2rem, 3vw, 2.8rem); }
.research-briefing { background: var(--primary-dark); color: #fff; padding-block: 3.5rem; }
.research-briefing h2 { font-size: 1.8rem; }
.research-briefing p { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; max-width: 35rem; color: #e2eeeb; }
.research-hero--paper .research-hero-layout { align-items: end; }
.research-hero--paper h1 { font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 4.3vw, 3.9rem); }
.research-hero--paper .research-subtitle { font-size: 1.12rem; max-width: 38rem; }
.research-hero--paper .research-byline { font-size: .85rem !important; color: var(--primary) !important; font-weight: 700; }
.research-hero--paper .research-date { font-size: .78rem !important; margin-top: .5rem !important; }
.research-visual { background: var(--wash); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-block: 2rem; }
.research-figure { margin: 0 auto; max-width: 68rem; }
.research-figure img { width: 100%; height: auto; border: 1px solid var(--border); box-shadow: 0 8px 30px #153c3510; }
.research-figure figcaption { max-width: 54rem; font-size: .78rem; color: #525e60; line-height: 1.8; margin-top: 1rem; }
.research-figure--lead { max-width: 60rem; }
.research-figure--inline { margin-block: 2.25rem; }
.research-figure > a { display: block; cursor: zoom-in; }
.research-prose p a, .research-figure figcaption a { color: var(--primary); text-decoration: underline; }
.research-paper-layout { display: grid; gap: 3rem; align-items: start; }
.research-prose { min-width: 0; max-width: 48rem; }
.research-prose h2 { font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 2.4vw, 2rem); line-height: 1.25; margin: 3rem 0 1.5rem; padding-top: 1.75rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.research-prose p, .research-prose li { color: #414d51; font-size: 1.04rem; line-height: 1.9; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.research-prose > .eyebrow { color: var(--primary); font-size: .7rem; }
.research-prose ul { list-style: disc; padding-left: 1.25rem; }
.research-prose .research-note { font-size: .8rem; color: var(--muted); }
.research-prose .research-citation { padding: 1.5rem; background: var(--paper); font-size: .9rem; margin-top: 1.5rem; border-left: 2px solid var(--primary); }
.research-url { color: var(--primary); text-decoration: underline; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.research-download { padding: 1.75rem; border-top: 3px solid var(--primary); background: var(--paper); }
.research-download h2 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
.research-download p, .research-download .link-strong { margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
.research-download > p:not(.eyebrow) { color: #525e60; font-size: .85rem; line-height: 1.8; }
.research-download .btn { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; padding-inline: .9rem; width: 100%; }
.research-table-scroll { max-width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; margin-block: 2rem 1rem; }
.research-results { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: .85rem; text-align: left; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.research-results caption { text-align: left; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.research-results th, .research-results td { padding: .9rem .75rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.research-results thead { background: var(--primary); color: #fff; }
.research-results tbody tr:nth-child(even) { background: var(--wash); }
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .research-hero-layout { grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1fr; gap: 3rem; padding-block: 4rem; }
  .research-photo img { aspect-ratio: .95; }
  .research-feature { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.12fr; gap: 3rem; }
  .research-feature-copy { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; }
  .research-feature-mark { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; padding: 1.5rem; }
  .research-grid, .research-split { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 4rem; }
  .research-paper-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 16rem; gap: 3rem; }
  .research-download { position: sticky; top: calc(var(--header-height) + 2rem); max-height: calc(100dvh - var(--header-height) - 3rem); overflow-y: auto; }
  .research-hero--paper .research-hero-layout { grid-template-columns: 1.5fr 1fr; }
  .research-hero--paper .research-photo img { aspect-ratio: 1.1; }
  .research-visual { padding-block: 3rem; }
}
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .research-hero-layout { gap: 5rem; padding-block: 4.5rem; }
  .research-photo img { aspect-ratio: 1.15; }
  .research-feature-mark { padding: 2rem; }
  .research-paper-layout { padding-inline: 4rem; gap: 5rem; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 18rem; }
  .research-hero--paper .research-photo img { aspect-ratio: 1.15; }
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .research-hero h1 br { display: none; }
  .research-download { grid-row: 1; }
  .research-feature-copy { order: -1; }
  .research-photo img { max-height: 24rem; }
}

/* Post-download invitation: no animation; the iframe is the official Substack form. */
.research-subscribe-open { overflow: hidden; }
.research-subscribe-modal {
  width: min(34rem, calc(100% - 2rem));
  max-height: calc(100dvh - 2rem);
  margin: auto;
  padding: clamp(1.5rem, 5vw, 3rem);
  overflow-y: auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-top: 4px solid var(--primary);
  background: #f7f5ef;
  color: var(--ink);
  box-shadow: 0 1.5rem 5rem #102d3450;
}
.research-subscribe-modal::backdrop { background: #172a30b3; }
.research-subscribe-close {
  position: absolute;
  top: .5rem;
  right: .5rem;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 2.75rem;
  height: 2.75rem;
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  line-height: 1;
}
.research-subscribe-close:hover { background: #e5ece7; }
.research-subscribe-eyebrow { color: var(--primary); font-size: .7rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; margin: 1rem 0 1.25rem; }
.research-subscribe-modal h2 { font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 5vw, 2.25rem); letter-spacing: -.04em; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
#research-subscribe-description { color: #414d51; font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.8; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; }
.research-subscribe-embed { display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 480px; height: 320px; margin-inline: auto; border: 1px solid #eee; background: #fff; }
.research-subscribe-decline { display: block; min-height: 2.75rem; margin: .75rem auto; padding: .5rem 1.25rem; font-size: .9rem; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; color: var(--primary); }
.research-subscribe-explainer { color: #525e60; font-size: .78rem; line-height: 1.7; }